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Objective@#To observe the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on nerve regeneration repair in rats with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) from the perspective of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.@*Methods@#Seventy-two Sprague-Dawle (SD) male rats were randomly divided into normal group, STBI model group, ganglioside (GA) treatment group and DG treatment group. The STBI animal model was reproduced referring to modified Feeney free fall impact model. No injury was made in normal group. Six hours after modeling, monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium injection and DG injection were injected via tail vein of rats in GA treatment group and DG treatment group respectively, once a day for 7 days. Normal group and STBI model group were given the same amount of normal saline. Six rats in each group were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after the challenge for neurological severity score (NSS), and then the blood of abdominal aorta was drawn and brain tissue was harvested. The contents of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of sub-granular zone (SGZ) were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Axin.@*Results@#① There was no neurological deficit in the normal group and NSS was 0. NSS score of rats increased significantly on the first day after modeling, and then decreased gradually over time. NSS of the rats treated with GA and DG were significantly lower than that of the STBI model rats (score: 7.33±2.07, 6.17±2.23 vs. 9.33±1.63, both P < 0.01). Though NSS gradually decreased over time, the differences were still statistically significant on the 7th day (score: 2.67±0.82, 1.00±0.00 vs. 6.17±2.23, both P < 0.01), and NSS of DG treatment group was significantly lower than that of GA treatment group. ② In SGZ of rats, cells were arranged in a compact and orderly way in the normal group, but neurons and tissues were damaged and destroyed at different time points in the STBI model group. After either GA or DG treatment, the damage of nerve tissue was improved gradually over time, and the effect of DG was more obvious.③ In the normal group, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β- catenin were almost not expressed, the mRNA expressions of GSK-3β and Axin were higher, and the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were less. On the 1st day after STBI, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β- catenin in hippocampus, the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were significantly increased, and the mRNA expressions of GSK-3βand Axin were significantly decreased. The mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β- catenin in the hippocampus and the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were significantly higher than those in the model group 1 day after GA or DG was added, the mRNA expressions of GSK-3β and Axin were significantly decreased, and the effect of DG was more significant than that of GA [Wnt3a mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 3.51±0.14 vs. 2.93±0.05, β- catenin mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.90±0.08 vs. 1.75±0.04, BDNF (ng/L): 4.06±0.55 vs. 3.16±0.64, NGF (ng/L): 9.53±1.08 vs. 7.26±0.43, GSK-3β mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 0.75±0.01 vs. 0.79±0.01, Axin mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 0.74±0.02 vs. 0.76±0.02, all P < 0.05]. It was gradually increasing or decreasing over time and the difference was still statistically significant up to the 7th day.@*Conclusion@#DG can promote the recovery of nerve function in rats with STBI, and its mechanism may be related to the regeneration of nerve cells proliferation and differentiation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the reconstruction of nerve tissue in SGZ of hippocampus.
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Objective To observe the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on nerve regeneration repair in rats with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) from the perspective of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods Seventy-two Sprague-Dawle (SD) male rats were randomly divided into normal group, STBI model group, ganglioside (GA) treatment group and DG treatment group. The STBI animal model was reproduced referring to modified Feeney free fall impact model. No injury was made in normal group. Six hours after modeling, monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium injection and DG injection were injected via tail vein of rats in GA treatment group and DG treatment group respectively, once a day for 7 days. Normal group and STBI model group were given the same amount of normal saline. Six rats in each group were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after the challenge for neurological severity score (NSS), and then the blood of abdominal aorta was drawn and brain tissue was harvested. The contents of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of sub-granular zone (SGZ) were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Axin. Results ① There was no neurological deficit in the normal group and NSS was 0. NSS score of rats increased significantly on the first day after modeling, and then decreased gradually over time. NSS of the rats treated with GA and DG were significantly lower than that of the STBI model rats (score: 7.33±2.07, 6.17±2.23 vs. 9.33±1.63, both P < 0.01). Though NSS gradually decreased over time, the differences were still statistically significant on the 7th day (score: 2.67±0.82, 1.00±0.00 vs. 6.17±2.23, both P < 0.01), and NSS of DG treatment group was significantly lower than that of GA treatment group. ② In SGZ of rats, cells were arranged in a compact and orderly way in the normal group, but neurons and tissues were damaged and destroyed at different time points in the STBI model group. After either GA or DG treatment, the damage of nerve tissue was improved gradually over time, and the effect of DG was more obvious.③ In the normal group, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin were almost not expressed, the mRNA expressions of GSK-3β and Axin were higher, and the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were less. On the 1st day after STBI, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin in hippocampus, the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were significantly increased, and the mRNA expressions of GSK-3βand Axin were significantly decreased. The mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin in the hippocampus and the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were significantly higher than those in the model group 1 day after GA or DG was added, the mRNA expressions of GSK-3β and Axin were significantly decreased, and the effect of DG was more significant than that of GA [Wnt3a mRNA (2-ΔΔCt):3.51±0.14 vs. 2.93±0.05, β-catenin mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.90±0.08 vs. 1.75±0.04, BDNF (ng/L): 4.06±0.55 vs. 3.16±0.64, NGF (ng/L): 9.53±1.08 vs. 7.26±0.43, GSK-3βmRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 0.75±0.01 vs. 0.79±0.01, Axin mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 0.74±0.02 vs. 0.76±0.02, all P < 0.05]. It was gradually increasing or decreasing over time and the difference was still statistically significant up to the 7th day. Conclusion DG can promote the recovery of nerve function in rats with STBI, and its mechanism may be related to the regeneration of nerve cells proliferation and differentiation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the reconstruction of nerve tissue in SGZ of hippocampus.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate extracted from the Chinese traditional medicine licorice root on the growth of human hair follicles cultured in vitro,and to detect the expression of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related molecules.Methods Isolated hair follicles were cultured with diammonium glycyrrhizinate at different concentrations of 0.1,0.01,0.001 and 0.000 1 μmol/L for 10 days,and the hair follicles cultured in Williams' E medium without diammonium glycyrrhizinate served as a control group.The length of hair follicles was measured under a microscope every day,the morphologic changes of hair follicles were observed,and photos were taken.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to assess the proliferation of hair matrix cells,as well as to determine the expression of β-catenin,glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β),phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β) and lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (Lef1) in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Statistical analysis was carried out by repeated-measures analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance.Results As repeated-measures analysis of variance showed,only 0.01 μmol/L diammonium glycyrrhetate showed significantly promotive effect on the growth of hair follicles compared with the medium alone (P ＜ 0.05),and there were no significant differences in the length of hair follicles between the other concentration groups and the control group.Compared with the control group,the transition to the catagen phase of human hair cycle was delayed in the 0.01-μmol/L diammonium glycyrrhetate group,while it did not change in the other diammonium glycyrrhetate groups and control group.Immunofluorescence assay showed that the number of ki67-positive hair matrix cells was obviously increased in the 0.1-,0.01-,0.001-μmol/L diammonium glycyrrhizinate groups compared with the control group,while there was no difference between the 0.000 1-μmol/L diammonium glycyrrhizinate group and the control group.One-way analysis of variance revealed that the expression of β-catenin,p-GSK3β and Lef1 significantly differed among all the groups (F =12.604,16.65,15.266 respectively,P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference in the expression of GSK3β was found among these groups (F =1.472,P ＞ 0.05).Least significant difference (LSD)-t test revealed that the expre-ssion of β-catenin,p-GSK3β and Lef1 in the hair matrix cells was significantly higher in the 0.1-,0.01-,0.001-μmol/L diammonium glycyrrhizinate groups than in the control group (all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 0.000 1-μmol/L diammonium glycyrrhizinate group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Diammonium glycyrrhetate at the concentration of 0.01 μmol/L shows markedly promotive effect on the in vitro growth of hair follicles,and can increase the proliferative activity of hair matrix cells and delay the transition to the catagen phase,which may be associated with the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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AIM To prepare thermo-sensitive diammonium glycyrrhizinate binary liposome gel and to evaluate the in vitro drug-release behaviors.METHODS Cold dissolution method was adopted in the preparation of gel.With gel transition temperature as an evaluation index,amounts of Poloxamer 407 (P407),Poloxamer 188 (P188) and polysaccharides from Bletillae Rhizoma as influencing factors,central composite design-response surface method was applied to optimizing the formulation.Then the in vitro drug-release behaviors were evaluated by HPLC and Franz vertical diffusion cell method.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 18％ for P407 amount,4％ for P188 amount,and 0.6％ for polysaccharides' amount,the gel transition temperature was (37.5 ± 0.3) ℃.The accumulative release rate of obtained thermo-sensitive binary liposome gel was (65.52 ± 0.63) ％ within 48 h,which showed more obvious sustained-release effect as compared with liposome and thermosensitive gel.CONCLUSION Thermo-sensitive diammonium glycyrrhizinate binary liposome gel can reduce drug-release rate and increase its retention time in the rectum.
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Glycyrrhizin is a major bioactive component of liquorice, which exerts multiple biochemical and pharmacological activities and is frequently used in combination with other drugs in the clinic. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an immunosuppressant widely used in transplant patients, is metabolized by UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs). Although significant evidence supports that glycyrrhizin could interact with the cytochrome P450s (CYPs), few studies have addressed its effects on UGTs. The present study aimed at investigating the regulatory effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (GLN) on UGTs in vitro and in vivo. We found that long-term administration of GLN in rats induced overall metabolism of MMF, which might be due to the induction of UGT1A protein expression. Hepatic UGT1A activity and UGT1A mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in GLN-treated rats. UGT1A expression levels were also increased in the intestine, contradicting with the observed decrease in intestinal UGT1A activities. This phenomenon may be attributed to different concentrations of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in liver and intestine and the inhibitory effects of GA on UGT1A activity. In conclusion, our study revealed that GLN had multiple effects on the expression and activities of UGT1A isoforms, providing a basis for a better understanding of interactions between GLN and other drugs.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Glucuronosyltransferase , Chemistry , Metabolism , Glycyrrhizic Acid , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Herb-Drug Interactions , Intestines , Chemistry , Kinetics , Liver , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 18α-glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyr-rhizic acid in diammonium glycyrrhizinate .Methods:A Diamonsil C18 column (200 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase of water (water-60%perchloric acid solution:48∶0.5, adjusting pH to 8.0 with ammonium hydroxide)-methanol (48∶52). The detection wavelength was set at 248 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml· min-1 .The column temperature was 30℃and the injection volume was 20 μl.Results:18α-Glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhizic acid were well separated .They had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.005 0-1.000 0 mg· ml-1(r=0.999 7 and 0.999 3).The average recovery was 99.7%and 99.1%, and RSD was 0.9%and 0.4%, respectively (n=9).Conclusion:The method is accurate, simple and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the two constituents in diammonium glycyrrhizinate .
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of bicyclol tablets on drug-induced hepatic injury in patients with severe psoriasis.Methods One hundred and six patients with severe psoriasis and drug-induced hepatic injury were enrolled in this study,and randomly divided into 2 groups:bicyclol group (53 cases) treated with oral bicyclol tablets (25 mg thrice a day) for 8 weeks,diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (53 cases) treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules (150 mg thrice a day) for 8 weeks.Serum biochemical indices of hepatic function were measured before and after treatment,therapeutic efficacy was evaluated,and adverse reactions were observed and recorded after treatment.Intergroup and intragroup differences in these parameters were assessed.Results During the treatment,3 patients were lost to follow up.After treatment,serum biochemical indices of hepatic function markedly improved in both the bicyclol group (52 cases) and diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (51 cases) (both P ＜ 0.01),and the bicyclol group showed a better treatment response than the diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (P ＜ 0.01).The marked response rate was 71.15％ and 47.06％ (P ＜ 0.05),and the response rate was 84.62％ and 66.67％ (P ＜ 0.05),respectively,in the bicyclol group and diammonium glycyrrhizinate group.No adverse reactions related to tested drugs were observed in either of the two groups.Conclusion Bicyclol can attenuate antipsoriatic drug-induced hepatic injury with good safety.
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Objective To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in rat' s kidney poisoned by paraquat (PQ).Methods The PQ (100 mg/kg) were administered via a gastric tube to make an animal model of acute kidney injury in rats.Then DG (50 mg/kg per 24 h) were administered immediately by intraperitoneal injection in the DG group.The ELISA assay was applied to measuring the IL-6 and IL-10 in kidneys and in blood.And the protein expressions of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB P65 were examined by Immunohistochemistry.The gene expressions of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB on kidneys were detected by RT-PCR.Results The levels of serum Cr, BUN , IL-6 and renal IL-6 in PQ group were significantly higher than those in NS group (F =266.014, 168.160, 63.279, 192.997, respectively, P ＜0.01).While, the levels of serum Cr, BUN , IL-6 and renal IL-6 in DG group were significantly lower than those in PQ group (F =266.014, 168.160, 63.279, 192.997, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).And the levels of serum and renal IL-10 in PQ group were higher than those in NS group (F =87.511, 79.473, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).But the levels of serum and renal IL-10 in DG group were lower than those in PQ group (F =87.511, 79.473, respectively, P ＜0.01).The results of PCR confirmed that the expressions of TLR-4 mRNA , myd88 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in PQ group were higher than those in NS group (F =84.408, 60.683, 86.272, respectively, P ＜0.01), while, the expressions of TLR-4 mRNA , myd88 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in DG group were lower than those in PQ group (F =84.408, 60.683, 86.272, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).The protein levels of TLR-4 , Myd88 and NF-κB P65 in PQ group were higher than those in NS group (F =79.139, 61.799,112.740, respectively, P ＜0.01).While the protein levels of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB P65 in DG group were lower than those in PQ group (F =79.139, 61.799, 112.740, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate can attenuate rat's acute kidney injury caused by paraquat poisoning and decrease the expressions of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB.
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Objective: To establish the methods for identifying the related substances in Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Enteric Coated Tablet (DGECT) by ultra high performance liquid-diode array-ion trap-the time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-IT- TOF-MS). Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent HC-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, mobile phase was acetonitril-H2O-Hac (380:614:6), eluting sample was in equal degree flow, with volume flow rate of 1 mL/min, UV detection wavelength of 254 nm, and mass spectrum monitoring mass-to-charge ratio range m/z 100-1000. Results: Including licoricesaponine G2, H2, E2, B2, J2, C2, 18α-glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhiza uralensis saponin (A or B), the eight kinds of related compounds existed were found. Conclusion: The related substances found in DGECT are valuable for the manufacturing process and quality control.
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Objective:To observe the curative effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine injection combined with diammonium glycyr-rhizinate in the treatment of liver damage in the patients with hyperthyroidism. Methods:Totally 45 cases of hyperthyroidism patients with impaired liver function were divided into two groups according to the order of admission and treated with anti-thyroid drugs in the conventional treatment. The control group was treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules 150 mg, po, tid, and the observation group was treated with polyene phosphatidylcholine injection 232. 5 mg, ivd, qd on the basis of the control group. After 30-day treat-ment, the clinical curative effect, changes in liver function and the incidence of adverse drug reactions of the two groups were observed and compared. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 95. 66%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (63. 63%, P0. 05). No adverse drug reaction was shown in the observation group. Conclusion: Polyene phosphatidylcholine injection combined with diammonium glycyrrhizinate exhibits promising efficacy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism liver damage, which can significantly improve liver function in the patients with few adverse reactions and high safety, and is worthy of clinical promotion.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe effect of alprostadil combined with Diammonium glycyrrhizinate on renal interstitial fibrosis in SD rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 75 SD rats were randomly divided into A, B, C, D, E groups with 15 in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group received just only but tissue separation without modeling operation, while model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established in B, C, D, E groups. Rats in A, B group were given saline lavage placebo treatment, while rats in C, D, E groups were given diammonium glycyrrhizinate and alprostadil injection. Five rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 weeks after modeling, serum creatinine level of femoral venous blood was determined. Transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF - β1) and concentration of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were also detected by using ELISA. Line renal interstitial tissue was taken after HE staining, renal interstitial TGF - β1 and CTGF expression were detected by using immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#Serum creatinine levels of B, C, D, E group at different time points in were significantly higher than that of group A (P0.05); while serum and kidney tissue TGF - β1, concentration of CREA, expression of rats in B, C, D, E groups showed a gradual increasing trend over time. TGF - β1 and CREF of Group B in serum and kidney tissues at each time point were significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05). TGF - β1 and CREF of Group E in serum and kidney tissues at each time point were significantly lower than that of B, C, D group at all time points in serum and kidney tissues (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Alprostadil combined with diammonium glycyrrhizinate can significantly lower the expression of TGF - β1 and CTGF in serum and tissues of SD rat with renal interstitial fibrosis, thus inhibit rat renal interstitial fibrosis process. It has synergy protective effect.
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Objective: To observe effect of alprostadil combined with Diammonium glycyrrhizinate on renal interstitial fibrosis in SD rats. Methods: A total of 75 SD rats were randomly divided into A, B, C, D, E groups with 15 in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group received just only but tissue separation without modeling operation, while model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established in B, C, D, E groups. Rats in A, B group were given saline lavage placebo treatment, while rats in C, D, E groups were given diammonium glycyrrhizinate and alprostadil injection. Five rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 weeks after modeling, serum creatinine level of femoral venous blood was determined. Transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF - β1) and concentration of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were also detected by using ELISA. Line renal interstitial tissue was taken after HE staining, renal interstitial TGF - β1 and CTGF expression were detected by using immunohistochemical method. Results: Serum creatinine levels of B, C, D, E group at different time points in were significantly higher than that of group A (. P0.05); while serum and kidney tissue TGF - β1, concentration of CREA, expression of rats in B, C, D, E groups showed a gradual increasing trend over time. TGF - β1 and CREF of Group B in serum and kidney tissues at each time point were significantly higher than that of the other groups (. P<0.05). TGF - β1 and CREF of Group E in serum and kidney tissues at each time point were significantly lower than that of B, C, D group at all time points in serum and kidney tissues (. P<0.05). Conclusions: Alprostadil combined with diammonium glycyrrhizinate can significantly lower the expression of TGF - β1 and CTGF in serum and tissues of SD rat with renal interstitial fibrosis, thus inhibit rat renal interstitial fibrosis process. It has synergy protective effect.
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Objective To explore the effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate(DG) and astragalus membranaceus (AM) injection on the clinical comprehensive score in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Methods According to the random number table method,a prospective random controlled study was conducted in which 60 cases of patients with ALI were divided into a study group and a control group(each,30 cases). Both groups received a comprehensive treatment based on the new guidelines,and the study group was additionally given DG and AM injection(DG 150 mg+AM 20 ml)one time per day for 7 days. The scores of lung injury,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)were measured at baseline,3rd and 7th day after treatment,and ventilation support time and final disease mortality rate were also calculated in all the patients. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the scores of lung injury,APACHEⅡand SIRS before treatment and after treatment for 3 days(all P>0.05),with prolonged treatment,the above indexes were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment in the two groups,and the decreases in scores of indexes in study group was more significant than those in control group after treatment(lung injury score:1.31±0.99 vs. 2.29±1.08,APACHEⅡscore:18.43±8.17 vs. 24.23±6.98,SIRS score:1.69±0.89 vs. 2.60±1.04,all P0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that DG and AM injection improve the scores of lung injury,APACHEⅡand SIRS,and alleviate the lung injury,so that the injection is beneficial to the early weaning from the ventilator to support treatment in patients with acute lung injury,and has certain therapeutic effect on ALI.
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Objective:To observe the effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection on bronchus,lung tissue and amount of eosinophils(EOS)in rats with asthma and to discuss the mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate intervention on airway inflammation in asthma.Methods:To divide 60 male SD rats into 6 groups as following:normal control group,model group,dexameth group,high dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group,middle dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group and low dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group(n=10).After setting up the model of rats with asthma,we detect the EOS in both rats'blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage and observe the pathological change in bronchus and lung tissue in rats of each group.Results:Not only the amount of EOS of rats in model group is bigger than that in normal control group(P
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical outcome of lipid microspheres prostaglandin E 1 (Lipo-PGE 1 )injection in combination with diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection plus combined therapy in the treatment of chronic severe hepati-tis.METHODS:68patents with severe hepatitis B were assigned to receive lipid Lipo-PGE 1 injection in combination with di-ammonium glycyrrhizinate injection(treatment group)besides the necessary combined therapy as in the control group for4weeks,the clinical outcome and biochemical indicators were compared between2groups.RESULTS:As compared with the control group,the treatment group had a significantly alleviated clinical symptoms after treatment for2weeks and4weeks(P
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury according to present clinical studies. METHODS: Retrieved from CBM and the CNKI from 1994 to 2009, literatures about the randomized controlled trials that the effective rate of diammonium glycyrrhizinate was compared with that of other hepatoprotective with drug-induced liver injury and drug-induced liver disease as study subjects. RESULTS: 18 RCTs including 1,644 patients with drug-induced liver injury were enrolled. The effective rate of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group was higher than that of control group, statistical significance was noted in two groups (P
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Objective To evaluate the role of diammonium glycyrrhizinate(DG) in experimental colitis and to probe into its underlying mechanisms.Methods Tirty female Spragur-Dawley rats were randomized into treatment group,acetic acid control and normal control groups(10 rats for each group).Colitis in treatment group and acetic acid control was induced by administrating acetic acid rectally.The rats in treatment group were treated with DG.Disease activity index(DAI) and histological damage as well as myeloperoxidase(MPO) activation were observed.The nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) activity,the(expressi)on of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in colon tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results In treatment group,acetic acid control(and normal) control,the DAI were 3.5?0.6,7.1?0.8 and 0.5?0.4 respectively;the histological(damage) scores were 3.5?0.9,6.1?1.0 and 1.0?0.5 respectively;MPO activation were 0.72?0.08,2.02?0.10 and 0.22?0.04 respectively;the positive percentages of TNF-? were 35.2?8.2,62.5(?10.1) and 7.9?5.7 respectively,the positive percentages of ICAM-1 were 34.3?8.2,60.2?8.3 and 9.1?3.4 respectively;the positive percentages of NF-?B were 23.3?9.2,44.5?8.9 and 9.6?4.4(respectively).(Compared) with the acetic acid control group,the DAI and histological damage scores as well as MPO(activation) of colon tissues in treatment group were significantly improved(P
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Objective To investigate the preparation technique and optimal formulation of diammonium glycyrrhizinate sustained-release tablets and study the release mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizi-nate release from the tablet.Methods Using HPMCk4m,Compritol 888 as skeleton material to prepare the diammonium glycyrrhizinate sustained-release tablet.To optimize the formulations by Box-Behnken design,and use Design Expert program for statistical analysis of experimental results.Release mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate from sustained release tablets was established by equation fitting.ResultsThe average accumulate release rates of diammonium glycyrrhizinate sustained-release tablets in 2,4,8,and 12 h were 32.55%,49.94%,73.88%,and 97.89%.And the release of diammonium glycyrrhizinate could be controlled by diffusion associated with erosion.Conclusion Box-Behnken design could be successfully used to optimize the sustained-release tablet of diammonium glycyrrhizinate.
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Objective To observe the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on arrhythmia induced by acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Electrocardiogram of lead Ⅱwas examined on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model,which was induced by the 10 min of ligation of left descending coronary artery and then 30 min of reperfusion in rats.Myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) content,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase),and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels were measured.Results As compared with the model,DG significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and its score (P
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Objective:To study the triglyceride level changes with or without Diammounium Glycyrrhizinate(DIG)and the potential mechanism on alcoholic fatty liver cell model induced in vitro.Methods:MTT assay was used to screen the optimal concentration of ethanol and DIG injection.Ultra-microstructure was observed under transmission electron microscope.Intracellular triglyceride concentration was measured by hol-automatic biochemistry.Expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR?),sterol regulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP-1)and SREBP cleavage activating protein(SCAP)were determined by immunocyto-chemistry(ICC).Results:1.The screened optimal DIG concentration was 2.273?g/ml.2.Masses of lipid droplets in cytoplasm were observed under transmission electron microscope.3.Hol-automatic biochemistry measured intracellular triglyceride concentration to be(1.84?0.16)mmol/L and(1.05?0.12)mmol/L respectively in Ld30 group and DIG group,and the difference was statistically significant(P